Throughout 2023, the United Kingdom will commemorate the 75th anniversary, dubbed Windrush 75, of the arrival of the Windrush generation, who have played a pivotal role in shaping modern British society.
A Brief History of the Windrush Generation
The term “Windrush generation” refers to the people who arrived in the UK from Caribbean countries between 1948 and 1971, before British immigration laws changed. Although not all of these migrants arrived on the HMT Empire Windrush ship, it has become a symbol of the broader mass migration movement.
The Arrival of HMT Empire Windrush
On 22 June 1948, the HMT Empire Windrush docked in Tilbury, Essex, carrying 492 passengers from various Caribbean islands, including Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. These individuals were brought to the UK to help fill post-war labour shortages, many of whom had served in the British armed forces during World War II.
The impact of the Windrush generation on British society
The Windrush generation was instrumental in shaping modern Britain, particularly in the fields of manual labour, healthcare, and cultural representation. They contributed significantly to the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) and broke new ground as black Britons in various aspects of society.
Windrush 75: National celebrations and commemorations
As part of the Windrush 75 anniversary, various events, programs, and exhibitions will take place throughout 2023 to honour the contributions of the Windrush generation and their descendants. Some of the most notable celebrations include:
Windrush Day
Introduced by the UK government in 2018, Windrush Day is celebrated annually on 22 June to encourage communities across the country to recognise and appreciate the impact of the Windrush generation and their descendants. The day serves as a reminder of the vital role these individuals have played in modern British history.
V&A Museum’s season of events
The Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in London will host a season of displays, talks, workshops, and events that tell the rich, layered stories of the Windrush generation and their legacies. The program will feature artists and designers associated with Windrush, showcasing the impact of the Caribbean presence on art, design, and culture in Britain. Learn more.
Nationwide museum exhibitions
Museums across the UK, from London to Leeds and Preston to Reading, will host events and exhibitions commemorating the Windrush legacy in 2023. These institutions serve as civic spaces where stories are shared through objects, art, oral histories, and memories, offering the public a glimpse into the lives of the Windrush generation and their descendants.
The Windrush Scandal: A dark chapter in British history
The Windrush generation’s story is not without its challenges and controversies. In 2018, it was revealed that the UK Home Office had failed to properly document the details of those granted permission to stay in the country and had destroyed landing cards belonging to Windrush migrants in 2010. Consequently, many individuals were wrongly deported, denied legal rights, and faced difficulties accessing healthcare, work, and housing.
The Windrush compensation scheme
In response to the scandal, the UK government established the Windrush Compensation Scheme in April 2019. While approximately 15,000 people were thought to be eligible, the scheme has faced criticism for processing delays, low offers, and unfair rejections that were later reversed on appeal.
The Windrush Lessons Learned Review
The Windrush Lessons Learned Review, published in March 2020, criticised the Home Office’s “culture of disbelief and carelessness” and made 30 recommendations to address the issues. These included setting up a full Home Office review of the UK’s “hostile environment” immigration policy, appointing a migrants’ commissioner, and establishing a race advisory board. Although then-Home Secretary Priti Patel accepted the recommendations in full, in January 2023, current Home Secretary Suella Braverman announced that three of the commitments would be dropped.
The future of the Windrush legacy
As the UK commemorates Windrush 75, it is an opportunity to reflect and celebrate the immense contributions made by the Windrush generation and their descendants. However, it is also crucial to acknowledge and address the wrongs committed against this community and ensure that similar injustices are never repeated.
Through events, exhibitions, and education, the shared history of a multi-ethnic Britain can be honoured, and the Windrush generation’s legacy can continue to inspire and inform future generations. As the anniversary celebrations unfold, one thing is abundantly clear: Britain owes a great deal to the Windrush generation and should recognise their contributions as an integral part of the national story.
